![]() Payton’s plan worked, and by the 1920s Harlem became known as the “Black Mecca.” Black culture and artistic accomplishments flourished, and the “Harlem Renaissance” was born. suggested that landlords open the buildings to Black tenants, and offered his services in bringing the Black community into the area. Seeing an opportunity, Black real estate entrepreneur Philip A. Expecting that the train line would bring more to the area, developers built hundreds of tenement houses– but they over speculated, and many houses remained empty. But in 1904, the Lenox Avenue subway was completed, allowing easy access to the area. Until the early 1900s, this area in Manhattan consisted mostly of farm land, far north from the bustling New York City downtown. The flourishing of Black culture during this time is no more famously exemplified than in Harlem. This Great Migration, as it has been termed by historians, reshaped the cultural landscape of Northern cities – for with Black laborers soon came Black musicians, performers, and artists, seeking new patrons and audiences for their creative work. Fleeing the terror of racism, and drawn to the employment opportunities offered in the industrialized North, Black people arrived in thousands to cities such as New York, Chicago, Detroit, and Philadelphia. In this lesson, students will examine how Langston Hughe’s poetry recounted the development and ideals of the Harlem Renaissance by examining historical documents, watching video clips, and reading Hugh’s writings, as well as Blues lyrics.įrom 1910 to 1940 over 1.5 million people in the Black Community migrated from Southern states to the North. Life Songs: Telling Your Story Through Music.Rumble: The Indians Who Rocked The World.CNN Soundtracks: Songs that Defined History.Long Strange Trip: The Untold Story of the Grateful Dead.LADAMA: Movement, Music, and Community in South America.Segregation and Integration in Asbury Park.Math and Music: Algebra Featuring Mickey Hart.Even within its limitations, Locke’s toleration did not argue that all (Protestant) beliefs were equally good or true, but simply that governments were not in a position to decide which one was correct. Atheists (whose oaths could not be trusted) and Catholics (who owed allegiance to an external ruler) were thus excluded from his scheme. In three “Letters Concerning Toleration” (1689-92), Locke suggested that governments should respect freedom of religion except when the dissenting belief was a threat to public order. In his “Thoughts Concerning Education” (1693), Locke argued for a broadened syllabus and better treatment of students-ideas that were an enormous influence on Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s novel “Emile” (1762). Locke famously wrote that man has three natural rights: life, liberty and property. Locke also developed a definition of property as the product of a person’s labor that would be foundational for both Adam Smith’s capitalism and Karl Marx’s socialism. Thus, when a king loses the consent of the governed, a society may remove him-an approach quoted almost verbatim in Thomas Jefferson's 1776 Declaration of Independence. Rejecting the divine right of kings, Locke said that societies form governments by mutual (and, in later generations, tacit) agreement. The “Two Treatises of Government” (1690) offered political theories developed and refined by Locke during his years at Shaftesbury’s side. Using his wartime connections, he placed his son in the elite Westminster School. His father was a lawyer and small landowner who had fought on the Parliamentarian side during the English Civil Wars of the 1640s. John Locke was born in 1632 in Wrighton, Somerset. His essays on religious tolerance provided an early model for the separation of church and state. His political theory of government by the consent of the governed as a means to protect the three natural rights of “life, liberty and estate” deeply influenced the United States’ founding documents. In his “Essay Concerning Human Understanding,” he advanced a theory of the self as a blank page, with knowledge and identity arising only from accumulated experience. Trained in medicine, he was a key advocate of the empirical approaches of the Scientific Revolution. The English philosopher and political theorist John Locke (1632-1704) laid much of the groundwork for the Enlightenment and made central contributions to the development of liberalism. ![]()
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